"A 2024 study estimated that technology firms with greater exposure to European consumer markets experienced a 2.1% profit reduction associated with GDPR enforcement."
Frey and Presidente's peer-reviewed study in Economic Inquiry estimates a 2.1% reduction in profits among more GDPR-exposed technology firms, without a corresponding statistically significant reduction in sales. The findings identify increased costs as an important channel through which privacy regulation influenced business performance.
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