PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 13: SPECKLED INTELLIGENCE Tomás López and the Pesky Human Variety

"Brian Potter documents how welding automation advanced more easily in standardized industrial environments than in variable construction environments."

Potter traces the evolution of automated welding from fixed machinery to industrial robots and describes why automobile manufacturing became highly automated while construction welding remained much less automated. His historical comparison demonstrates the importance of predictable conditions, repeatable geometry, and controlled environments. It gives the book a concrete engineering example of the limits of automating variable physical work.

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