"Norbert Wiener’s Cybernetics developed a common framework of control, communication, and feedback across biological, mechanical, cognitive, and social systems."
Wiener's foundational book introduced cybernetics as a multidisciplinary approach to systems governed by information and feedback. Its treatment of machines, organisms, and social organization provides an important historical foundation for the chapter's comparison between cybernetics and artificial intelligence. The linked MIT Press edition is a 2019 reissue of the 1961 second edition.
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