Evidence

Format Web Page

"AI systems can appear more or less anthropomorphic depending on their interface even when their underlying computation is unchanged."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Normalized Deviance

Source title A Microsoft researcher sent some goats on a mission in Age of Empires II to make a point about LLMs

Source authors Antonia Davison

Source year 2026

Confidence high

Importance mid

Format Online paper / PDF

"AI systems can appear more or less anthropomorphic depending on their interface even when their underlying computation is unchanged."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Normalized Deviance

Source title If LLMs Have Human-Like Attributes, Then So Does Age of Empires II

Source authors Adrian de Wynter

Source year 2026

Confidence high

Importance mid

Format Online paper / PDF

"Generality gives you reach, but local problems keep rewarding specialized tools."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Normalized Deviance

Source title Comparing Specialised Small and General Large Language Models on Text Classification: 100 Labelled Samples to Achieve Break-Even Performance

Source authors Branislav Pecher; Ivan Srba; Maria Bielikova

Source year 2025

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Online paper / PDF

"Good performance by an algorithm on one class of problems can be offset by poorer performance on another class."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Normalized Deviance

Source title No Free Lunch Theorems for Optimization

Source authors David H. Wolpert; William G. Macready

Source year 1997

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Web Page

"This is where the monolithic AGI story starts running into the same no-free-lunch reality as every other general-purpose system."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Normalized Deviance

Source title Stop talking about AGI, it's lazy and misleading

Source authors Julian Togelius

Source year 2025

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Book / Offline paper

"This is where the monolithic AGI story starts running into the same no-free-lunch reality as every other general-purpose system."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Normalized Deviance

Source title Artificial General Intelligence

Source authors Julian Togelius

Source year 2024

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Web Page

"Modern airline shopping still relies extensively on shared fare rules, schedules and availability data distributed across airlines, booking systems and travel sellers."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Don’t Look Down

Source title Behind the scenes: How airline distribution gets offers to flight shoppers

Source authors Graham Wareham

Source year 2023

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Web Page

"The airline industry’s electronic fare system grew out of paper tariff practices dating to the 1940s and was subsequently institutionalized through ATPCO."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Don’t Look Down

Source title On the radar: ATPCO’s role in commercial aviation history

Source authors Isha Edwards

Source year 2023

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Online paper / PDF

"ITA Software used distributed caching to manage the enormous volume of airline seat-availability requests generated by flight searches."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Don’t Look Down

Source title Computational Complexity of Air Travel Planning

Source authors Carl de Marcken

Source year 2003

Confidence high

Importance mid

Format Online paper / PDF

"Airline ticket pricing requires evaluating fare combinations against rules governing dates, passengers, advance purchases and restrictions on combining fares."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Don’t Look Down

Source title Computational Complexity of Air Travel Planning

Source authors Carl de Marcken

Source year 2003

Confidence high

Importance high