Format Video / YouTube Embed "Steven Pemberton argues that 1950s programming languages were designed around an economic relationship in which computer time was far more expensive than programmer time." Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 6: SCAFFOLDING FOR INFLUENCE Hardware Software Polarity Source title The Story of Python and how it took over the world | Python: The Documentary Source authors Steven Pemberton Source year 2025 Confidence high Importance high
Format Web Page "Richard K. Ridgway and Margaret H. Harper developed the A-2 Compiler System under Grace Hopper’s direction." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 6: SCAFFOLDING FOR INFLUENCE Hardware Software Polarity Source title Exhibit K, The A-2 Compiler System: Operations Manual. Copyright 1953 by Remington Rand, Inc. Source authors National Museum of American History Source year 1953 Confidence high Importance mid
Format Web Page "Punched-card batch processing was typical of much computing from the 1950s until well into the 1970s." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 6: SCAFFOLDING FOR INFLUENCE Hardware Software Polarity Source title Cartoon diagram of a typical mainframe job Source authors Computer History Museum Source year 1968 Confidence high Importance high
Format Web Page "The IBM 709 was priced at $2.63 million in 1961." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 6: SCAFFOLDING FOR INFLUENCE Hardware Software Polarity Source title 709 Data Processing System control panel Source authors Computer History Museum Source year 1957 Confidence high Importance mid
Format Web Page "Large mainframes in the late 1950s could cost more than $1 million, while purchase and maintenance costs restricted ownership mostly to large organizations." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 6: SCAFFOLDING FOR INFLUENCE Hardware Software Polarity Source title The IBM 1401 Source authors IBM Source year 2025 Confidence high Importance high
Format Web Page "Independent mainframe software products emerged by the mid-1960s, and IBM unbundled many programs from hardware in 1969." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 6: SCAFFOLDING FOR INFLUENCE Hardware Software Polarity Source title Software Becomes a Product Source authors Computer History Museum Source year 2011 Confidence high Importance mid
Format Web Page "Early software was commonly custom-made or bundled free with hardware, leaving a limited standalone commercial market." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 6: SCAFFOLDING FOR INFLUENCE Hardware Software Polarity Source title Software Becomes a Product Source authors Computer History Museum Source year 2011 Confidence high Importance high
Format Web Page "Later descendants of Sabre’s transaction-processing architecture, including ACP and TPF, were adopted by large banks and credit-card companies." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 6: SCAFFOLDING FOR INFLUENCE Scaffolding for influence - Root Source title What is a transaction processing system (TPS)? Source authors Josh Schneider; Ian Smalley Source year 2024 Confidence high Importance high
Format Web Page "Sabre became an early large-scale real-time transaction-processing system." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 6: SCAFFOLDING FOR INFLUENCE Scaffolding for influence - Root Source title What is a transaction processing system (TPS)? Source authors Josh Schneider; Ian Smalley Source year 2024 Confidence high Importance mid
Format Web Page "IBM drew directly on experience from SAGE when developing the Sabre airline reservation system for American Airlines." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 6: SCAFFOLDING FOR INFLUENCE Scaffolding for influence - Root Source title Sabre Source authors IBM Source year 2025 Confidence high Importance high
