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Location PART 1 - TONS OF PUNKS, ONE BIG JERK CHAPTER 3: TOUCHGRASS Future Polish

"Severely over-budget IT projects in the cross-industry study averaged a 453% cost overrun."

Among IT projects exceeding their budgets by more than 50%, the mean actual-to-estimated cost ratio was 5.53, equivalent to a 453% overrun.

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Source title The Uniqueness of IT Cost Risk: A Cross-Group Comparison of 23 Project Types
Source authors Bent Flyvbjerg, Alexander Budzier, Jon Aaen, Mark Keil, Mariagrazia Zottoli
Source year 2025
Confidence high
Importance high
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