PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 6: SCAFFOLDING FOR INFLUENCE Dangers of Entrepreneurship

"Zurich was an early European computing centre, with ETH installing the Zuse Z4 in 1950 and offering continental Europe’s first university programming exercises on a computer in 1952."

ETH's own history gives solid footing for calling Zurich one of Europe's genuine early computing codebeds. + Current ETH Zurich department history timeline, accessed in 2026.

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