As of February 2025, seven of ten critical federal legacy-system modernizations identified by GAO in 2019 were still incomplete, and the longest ongoing effort was expected to take ten years.

Format Online paper / PDF

Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 10: BUILDING-BLOCK REALITY Blocks Tend to Stick Around

"As of February 2025, seven of ten critical federal legacy-system modernizations identified by GAO in 2019 were still incomplete, and the longest ongoing effort was expected to take ten years."

GAO's follow-up shows that displacement of entrenched systems can itself stretch across many years, providing a concrete example of the manuscript's creation-versus-displacement asymmetry.

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Source title Information Technology: Agencies Need to Plan for Modernizing Critical Decades-Old Legacy Systems

Source authors U.S. Government Accountability Office

Source year 2025

Confidence high

Importance high