Evidence

Format Web Page

"A U.S. federal court concluded in 2024 that Google unlawfully maintained monopolies in general search and search text advertising."

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Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Ping-Pong Cartel

Source title Department of Justice Wins Significant Remedies Against Google

Source authors U.S. Department of Justice

Source year 2025

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Online paper / PDF

"In 2022, Google paid Apple an estimated $20 billion in search-ad revenue share in exchange for default placement on Safari."

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Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Ping-Pong Cartel

Source title Plaintiffs' Remedies Proposed Findings of Fact [Redacted]: U.S. and Plaintiff States v. Google LLC [2020]

Source authors U.S. Department of Justice and Plaintiff States

Source year 2022

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Web Page

"Google, Meta, and Amazon are forecast to account for 62.3 percent of worldwide digital advertising spending in 2026."

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Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Ping-Pong Cartel

Source title Meta to Surpass Google in Digital Ad Revenues for First Time Ever

Source authors EMARKETER

Source year 2026

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Online paper / PDF

"The DOJ’s 2023 complaint alleges that Google’s Network Bidding Agreement with Facebook—widely referred to as Jedi Blue—gave Facebook preferential Open Bidding terms and was designed to move Facebook demand away from rival header-bidding auctions."

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Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Ping-Pong Cartel

Source title Complaint: U.S. and Plaintiff States v. Google LLC [2023]

Source authors U.S. Department of Justice and Plaintiff States

Source year 2023

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Web Page

"The 2018 Google-Facebook Network Bidding Agreement gave Facebook commercial advantages within Google’s Exchange Bidding system, including fee concessions."

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Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Ping-Pong Cartel

Source title The State Of Texas, et al v. Google, LLC, 1:2021cv06841 - Document 209 (S.D.N.Y. 2022)

Source authors U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York

Source year 2022

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Online paper / PDF

"The European Commission investigated whether Jedi Blue could exclude competing ad-tech services and restrict or distort competition in online display advertising."

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Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Ping-Pong Cartel

Source title Antitrust: Commission opens investigation into possible anticompetitive conduct by Google and Meta, in online display advertising

Source authors European Commission

Source year 2022

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Online paper / PDF

"Google and Meta entered a September 2018 agreement codenamed Jedi Blue for Meta Audience Network’s participation in Google’s Open Bidding program."

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Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Ping-Pong Cartel

Source title Antitrust: Commission opens investigation into possible anticompetitive conduct by Google and Meta, in online display advertising

Source authors European Commission

Source year 2022

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Web Page

"Tim Wu characterized Google’s acquisition of Waze as a merger-to-monopoly example."

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Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Ping-Pong Cartel

Source title How Google and Amazon Got So Big Without Being Regulated

Source authors Tim Wu

Source year 2018

Confidence high

Importance mid

Format Web Page

"The UK Office of Fair Trading reviewed and cleared Google’s completed acquisition of Waze in November 2013."

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Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Ping-Pong Cartel

Source title Motorola Mobility Holding / Waze Mobile Ltd

Source authors Competition and Markets Authority

Source year 2013

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Web Page

"Google completed its acquisition of Waze in June 2013 for approximately $969 million in cash."

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Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Ping-Pong Cartel

Source title Form 10-K

Source authors Google Inc.

Source year 2014

Confidence high

Importance high