Evidence

Format Web Page

"Apple’s NFC and Secure Element platform requires developers to satisfy security standards, privacy obligations, and applicable regulatory requirements."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Kill the Chicken, Scare the Monkey

Source title NFC & SE Platform for secure contactless transactions

Source authors Apple

Source year 2026

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Web Page

"Apple requires developers using its NFC and Secure Element platform to enter into an agreement and obtain a platform entitlement."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Kill the Chicken, Scare the Monkey

Source title NFC & SE Platform for secure contactless transactions

Source authors Apple

Source year 2026

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Web Page

"The EU AI Act, which entered into force in 2024, differentiates obligations according to the uses and risks of AI systems."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Kill the Chicken, Scare the Monkey

Source title AI Act enters into force

Source authors European Commission

Source year 2024

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Web Page

"The European Accessibility Act introduced common accessibility requirements affecting digital products and services, with application beginning in June 2025."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Kill the Chicken, Scare the Monkey

Source title The EU becomes more accessible for all

Source authors European Commission

Source year 2025

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Web Page

"The United States enacted the GENIUS Act in 2025 to establish a federal regulatory framework for payment stablecoins."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Kill the Chicken, Scare the Monkey

Source title Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act

Source authors United States Congress

Source year 2025

Confidence high

Importance mid

Format Web Page

"MiCA regulates specific crypto-asset issuers and service providers through differentiated EU obligations and technical standards."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Kill the Chicken, Scare the Monkey

Source title Digital finance

Source authors European Commission

Source year 2024

Confidence high

Importance mid

Format Online paper / PDF

"GDPR enforcement was associated with a 17% increase in concentration among website technology vendors during the first week of enforcement in 2018."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Kill the Chicken, Scare the Monkey

Source title Privacy & market concentration: Intended & unintended consequences of the GDPR

Source authors Garrett A. Johnson, Scott K. Shriver, Samuel G. Goldberg

Source year 2022

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Online paper / PDF

"Following GDPR enforcement in 2018, websites reduced their use of third-party web technology vendors by approximately 15% in the first week."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Kill the Chicken, Scare the Monkey

Source title Privacy & market concentration: Intended & unintended consequences of the GDPR

Source authors Garrett A. Johnson, Scott K. Shriver, Samuel G. Goldberg

Source year 2022

Confidence high

Importance mid

Format Online paper / PDF

"The GDPR’s profitability burden fell disproportionately on smaller firms in the sample studied by Frey and Presidente."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Kill the Chicken, Scare the Monkey

Source title Privacy regulation and firm performance: Estimating the GDPR effect globally

Source authors Carl Benedikt Frey, Giorgio Presidente

Source year 2024

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Online paper / PDF

"A 2024 study estimated that technology firms with greater exposure to European consumer markets experienced a 2.1% profit reduction associated with GDPR enforcement."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 16: CONNECTING THE SPECKLES Kill the Chicken, Scare the Monkey

Source title Privacy regulation and firm performance: Estimating the GDPR effect globally

Source authors Carl Benedikt Frey, Giorgio Presidente

Source year 2024

Confidence high

Importance high