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"When your lips are pressed and whistling, the air comes out faster, mixes with cooler room air, and removes heat and moisture from your skin more efficiently."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 14: AGI & THE SYNTHESIZER Are We Pattern Matchers?

Source title Why is your breath sometimes warm and sometimes cold

Source authors The Naked Scientists

Source year 2010

Confidence high

Importance mid

Format Web Page

"David Golumbia interprets Sam Altman’s claim that humans are also stochastic parrots as implying that human communication and creativity are no more genuinely meaningful than the probabilistically generated outputs of language models."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 14: AGI & THE SYNTHESIZER Brains, Clockworks, and CPUs

Source title ChatGPT Should Not Exist

Source authors David Golumbia

Source year 2022

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Online paper / PDF

"The 19th century compared the nervous system to telegraph networks, illustrating how contemporary technologies shaped scientific metaphors for the brain."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 14: AGI & THE SYNTHESIZER Brains, Clockworks, and CPUs

Source title The ways of metaphor in neuroscience, or being on the right or wrong track

Source authors Armando De Palma; Germana Pareti

Source year 2007

Confidence high

Importance mid

Format Online paper / PDF

"The Stochastic Parrots authors warned about environmental costs, biases and inadequate documentation in web-scale datasets, and a research culture focused on benchmark performance and ever-larger models."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 14: AGI & THE SYNTHESIZER Brains, Clockworks, and CPUs

Source title On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots - Can Language Models Be Too Big?

Source authors Emily M. Bender; Timnit Gebru; Angelina McMillan-Major; Margaret Mitchell

Source year 2021

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Online paper / PDF

"Emily M. Bender, Timnit Gebru, Angelina McMillan-Major, and Margaret Mitchell introduced the stochastic parrot framing as a criticism of large language models."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 14: AGI & THE SYNTHESIZER Brains, Clockworks, and CPUs

Source title On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots - Can Language Models Be Too Big?

Source authors Emily M. Bender; Timnit Gebru; Angelina McMillan-Major; Margaret Mitchell

Source year 2021

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Book / Offline paper

"Robert Rosen developed an account of living and anticipatory systems in which internal predictive models influence present behavior."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 14: AGI & THE SYNTHESIZER Brains, Clockworks, and CPUs

Source title Anticipatory Systems - Philosophical, Mathematical and Methodological Foundations

Source authors Robert Rosen

Source year 1985

Confidence high

Importance mid

Format Online paper / PDF

"Biological learning does not appear to implement the exact global layer-by-layer error-backpropagation mechanism used to train conventional artificial neural networks."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 14: AGI & THE SYNTHESIZER Brains, Clockworks, and CPUs

Source title Backpropagation and the brain

Source authors Timothy P. Lillicrap; Adam Santoro; Luke Marris; Colin J. Akerman; Geoffrey Hinton

Source year 2020

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Online paper / PDF

"A 2024 study found that syntactically invalid Python code evokes a P600 response, a neural effect also associated with structural violations in natural language."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 14: AGI & THE SYNTHESIZER Brains, Clockworks, and CPUs

Source title Computer programmers show distinct, expertise-dependent brain responses to violations in form and meaning when reading code

Source authors Chu-Hsuan Kuo; Chantel S. Prat

Source year 2024

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Online paper / PDF

"In 2020, researchers scanned 24 Python programmers and found that code comprehension engages domain-general executive machinery while the language network remains comparatively quiet."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 14: AGI & THE SYNTHESIZER Brains, Clockworks, and CPUs

Source title Comprehension of computer code relies primarily on domain-general executive brain regions

Source authors Anna A. Ivanova; Shashank Srikant; Yotaro Sueoka; Hope H. Kean; Riva Dhamala; Una-May O'Reilly; Marina U. Bers; Evelina Fedorenko

Source year 2020

Confidence high

Importance high

Format Online paper / PDF

"Brains are constantly active even at rest, producing structured spontaneous activity rather than merely responding to incoming stimuli."

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Location PART 3 - THE THIRD AXIS CHAPTER 14: AGI & THE SYNTHESIZER Brains, Clockworks, and CPUs

Source title Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging

Source authors Michael D. Fox; Marcus E. Raichle

Source year 2007

Confidence high

Importance high