Format Online paper / PDF "The UK Competition and Markets Authority found that network effects, economies of scale and unequal access to user data inhibited entry and expansion in major online platform markets." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Network Defects Source title Online platforms and digital advertising - Market study final report Source authors Competition and Markets Authority Source year 2020 Confidence high Importance high
Format Online paper / PDF "The median Facebook user in the Brynjolfsson, Collis and Eggers study needed about $48 to give Facebook up for one month." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Network Defects Source title Using massive online choice experiments to measure changes in well-being Source authors Erik Brynjolfsson; Avinash Collis; Felix Eggers Source year 2019 Confidence high Importance high
Format Web Page "In a consumer-surplus experiment, the median user required $17,530 to forgo search engines for one year." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Network Defects Source title How much are search engines worth to you? Source authors Zach Church Source year 2019 Confidence high Importance high
Format Online paper / PDF "Online advertising helps fund many online services that consumers can access at zero price." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Network Defects Source title Online advertising: Trends, benefits and risks for consumers Source authors OECD Source year 2019 Confidence high Importance mid
Format Online paper / PDF "In most online platforms, the marginal cost of adding another user can be close to zero after initial sunk costs." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Network Defects Source title The Digital Transformation of SMEs Source authors OECD Source year 2021 Confidence high Importance high
Format Web Page "Robert Metcalfe is widely credited with popularizing network effects through a square-law formulation that became known as Metcalfe’s Law." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Network Defects Source title Network Effects Source authors Jessie Romero Source year 2018 Confidence high Importance high
Format Online paper / PDF "Michael Katz and Carl Shapiro’s 1985 paper analyzed network externalities, consumer expectations and compatibility." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Network Defects Source title Network Externalities, Competition, and Compatibility Source authors Michael L. Katz; Carl Shapiro Source year 1985 Confidence high Importance high
Format Online paper / PDF "Jeffrey Rohlfs modeled interdependent demand in communications in 1974, showing that subscriber utility can increase as others join the system." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Network Defects Source title A Theory of Interdependent Demand for a Communications Service Source authors Jeffrey Rohlfs Source year 1974 Confidence high Importance high
Format Web Page "AT&T had a network advantage from long-distance interconnection in the early twentieth century." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Network Defects Source title Technological Innovation And Monopolization Source authors F. M. Scherer Source year 2006 Confidence high Importance mid
Format Web Page "Advertising generated about 97.6 percent of Meta’s revenue in 2024." View Source Location PART 2 - FOUR HIDDEN CHIMNEYS CHAPTER 9: ARE UNICORNS REALLY WHITE? The Network Defects Source title Meta Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Results Source authors Meta Platforms, Inc. Source year 2025 Confidence high Importance mid
